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ASHTON-TATE
dBASE III PLUS SAMPLER
dBASE III PLUS . . . THE DATABASE USED BY MORE PEOPLE . . . CAN NOW BE
USED BY MORE PEOPLE!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
dBASE III PLUS brings the speed, power, and flexibility of the best
selling database management system on the market today to all people in
every kind of business. From the beginning user to the programming
expert ... from the individual to a network of users ... regardless of
the size or complexity of information being handled ... dBASE III PLUS
is the answer.
dBASE III PLUS gives you the same powerful features and programming
language that made dBASE III the industry standard ... PLUS a whole lot
more. And it's easier than ever to use.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
WELCOME
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the dBASE III PLUS Sampler. It contains a self-running demo
and a limited-capacity full system of dBASE III PLUS. This accompany-
ing documentation gives reference material for exploring the product on
your own and contains three major sections:
Welcome provides information on operating the Sampler and getting
the most from its use no matter what your experience level.
A Little About Using dBASE III PLUS is for a beginning user who
would like to use the full system of dBASE III PLUS and needs a few
fundamentals to begin.
Improvements for Experienced Users describes many of the new capa-
bilities in dBASE III PLUS that an experienced user will want to
try.
Use the Sampler materials yourself, copy them freely, and pass them on
so that you can share with others the power and utility of dBASE III
PLUS.
GETTING STARTED
To start your dBASE III PLUS Sampler, you'll need an IBM PC, XT, AT or
100% compatible computer with at least 256KB of internal memory (384 KB
is recommended). You'll need a copy of DOS Version 2.0 or higher. If
you are using DOS version 3.0 or higher, 384 KB is required. Follow
these steps:
Load your DOS operating system into the computer.
Insert Sampler Disk One in drive A.
At the A> you type DEMO and press the RETURN key, as follows:
A>DEMO [RETURN]
Hard disk users can preview the Demo by inserting Sampler Disk One in
Drive A, and doing the following:
1. Type A: and press the RETURN key.
2. At the A> prompt, type DEMO and press the RETURN key.
Note: Make sure you are logged on to Drive A before typing DEMO.
THE SAMPLER MAIN MENU SCREEN
The dBASE III PLUS Sampler has two important parts:
The Guided Tour Section shows highlights of the product and its
applications.
The Do It Yourself Section lets you use all of dBASE III PLUS with
the exception of saving beyond 31 records per file. You can build
your own database or experiment with the Sampler database described
in Appendix A. To use the Do It Yourself section, see Important
Information on the next page.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEMONSTRATION MAIN MENU
GUIDED TOUR SECTION
1. Introduction to Database
2. Overview of dBASE III PLUS
DO IT YOURSELF
3. dBASE III PLUS
4. Exit to DOS
ENTER YOUR SELECTION: __
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Guided Tour Section contains two parts:
Introduction to Databases gives important definitions and suggests
numerous database applications.
Overview of dBASE III PLUS is a straightforward presentation of the
expanded power and capabilities of the new system.
HOW TO OPERATE THE DEMO
The MAIN MENU lets you select any section of the demo in any order you
like.
You can return to the Main Menu at the end of Sections 1 or 2 to
make a new choice.
The SPACE BAR controls the pace of the Guided Tour sections, so you
can speed up when you like.
You can return to DOS with Section 4 of the Main Menu.
GETTING THE MOST FROM THE DEMO
The Sampler provides useful information for a wide range of people ...
from the beginning user to the experienced user. To get the most out
of the demo, follow a viewing path that matches your knowledge level.
If you are a beginning user, a good path is:
Section 1: Introduction to Databases
Section 2: Overview of dBASE III PLUS
Section 3: dBASE III PLUS using The Assistant and the information
in this documentation
If you are an experienced user, a good path is:
Section 2: Overview of dBASE III PLUS
Section 3: dBASE III PLUS using the dot prompt and the information
in this documentation
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
When you first choose Section 3, the Sampler version of dBASE III PLUS,
you must run an Install program.
Here are instructions for floppy disk users. If you have a hard disk,
skip to the next section, HARD DISK USERS.
FLOPPY DISK USERS
1. After you've browsed through the Guided Tour section of the Sampler,
choose 3, dBASE III PLUS, on the Demonstration Main Menu.
A message, beginning "BEFORE YOU RUN," appears on the screen. It
explains that you must run the Install program before you can run
dBASE III PLUS. You are returned to the A> prompt to run the
Install program.
2. Insert your Sampler Disk 1 in Drive A.
3. Type INSTALL and press the RETURN key.
The Memory and Drive Selection Menu appears. It tells you to type
the letter that describes your computer disk drive configuration and
amount of internal memory.
4. Choose A or B and press RETURN.
Note: If you make a mistake on this menu, type Ctrl-C to abort the
installation process and start over again.
5. You are prompted to put your DOS disk in Drive B, and strike a key
when ready. Then the Install program puts a file named CONFIG.SYS
on your DOS disk. (If you have an existing CONFIG.SYS file, don't
worry, it isn't erased: it is renamed to CONFIG.OLD.)
When the Install program is finished running, the A> prompt will reap-
pear. A message stays on the screen that says the following:
Now reboot your computer with your DOS disk in Drive A, (CTRL-ALT-DEL).
Then place Sampler disk 1 in Drive A and type DBASE.
6. To follow these instructions, insert your DOS disk in Drive A again,
and restart your computer by holding down the Ctrl, Alt and Del keys
simultaneously. This allows the computer to read the new informa-
tion in the CONFIG.SYS file.
7. Remove your DOS disk, and insert Sampler Disk 1 in Drive A.
8. At the A> prompt, type DBASE and press RETURN.
The dBASE copyright message appears and instructs you to press
Enter. At the bottom of the next screen, a message appears, telling
you to insert Sampler Disk 2 in Drive A, and Sampler Disk 3 in Drive
B, and press RETURN.
9. Insert Sampler Disk 2 in Drive A, and Sampler Disk 3 in Drive b, and
press return.
10. Follow the guide on the next few pages to explore the full power of
dBASE III PLUS.
HARD DISK USERS
Installing the Sampler on your Hard Disk
When you choose Section 3, the Sampler version of dBASE III PLUS, you
must run an Install program. This program automatically sets up your
computer to run dBASE III PLUS. Here's how:
1. On the Demonstration Main Menu, Choose 3, dBASE III PLUS.
A message, beginning "BEFORE YOU RUN," appears on the screen. It
explains that you must run the Install program before you run dBASE
III PLUS. You are returned to the A> prompt to run the Install
program.
2. Have your Sampler Disk 1 in Drive A, and log on to Drive A by typing
A: [RETURN].
3. From the A> prompt, type INSTALL and press RETURN.
The Memory and Drive Selection Menu appears. It tells you to type
the letter that describes your computer disk drive configuration and
amount of internal memory.
4. Choose C or D, and press RETURN.
Note: If you make a mistake on this menu, type Ctrl-C to abort the
installation process and start over again.
5. During the installation process, you are instructed to insert
Sampler Disks 2 and then 3 in Drive A.
The files on all three disks will be copied to a new directory on
your hard disk called Sampler. The Install program also puts a file
named CONFIG.SYS in the root directory. If you already have a
CONFIG.SYS file in your root directory, don't worry, it isn't
erased: it is renamed CONFIG.OLD.
Note: The three Sampler Disks will total 800K of space on your hard
disk. Make sure you have enough space before you begin the Install
program.
When the Install program is finished running, the Sampler subdirect-
ory prompt C> will appear.
6. Restart your computer by holding down the Control, Alt, and Del keys
simultaneously. This allows your computer to read the information
in the new CONFIG.SYS file on your root directory.
7. Change to the Sampler directory by typing CD\SAMPLER, and press
RETURN.
8. In your Sampler subdirectory, type DBASE and press RETURN.
The dBASE III PLUS copyright message appears.
9. Press RETURN to assent to the License Agreement and begin dBASE III
PLUS.
10. Now follow the guide in this document to browse through the power
of dBASE III PLUS.
*************************************************************************
WARNING: DO NOT try to run the installation program twice on your hard
disk.
*************************************************************************
UNINSTALLING dBASE III PLUS SAMPLER
Important
You must run the UNINSTAL program from Drive A, regardless of whether
you are a floppy disk or hard disk user. The UNINSTAL program deletes
all files in the Sampler subdirectory from your hard disk, deletes the
subdirectory, erases the CONFIG.SYS file, and renames the CONFIG.OLD
file, if any, back to CONFIG.SYS.
If you have any data files you'd like to keep, to use with the full
version of dBASE III PLUS, copy them to another subdirectory before
running the UNINSTAL program.
A LITTLE ABOUT USING dBASE III PLUS
THE dBASE III PLUS ASSISTANT SCREEN
The dBASE III PLUS Assistant screen helps you along your way. The menu
bar at the top of the screen shows you the main choices. Depending on
the menu item you select, a pull-down menu list appears, showing you
further choices for that item. When dBASE III PLUS requires additional
information, it presents you with another sub-menu from which to make
choices.
In all cases, you simply make the selection or selections you need. If
you need help, press F!, and dBASE III PLUS shows you information on
the current operation.
A navigation line provides instructions on moving around the screen and
selecting an operation. The message line describes the current opera-
tion highlighted on the pull-down menu.
WARNING: This Sampler version of dBASE III PLUS has a limit of 31
records per database file. If you attempt to add more than 31 records
to a file, your database may be destroyed.
KEYS YOU WILL USE
The dBASE III PLUS Assistant displays the appropriate direction keys
you need to get around quickly. You see the following display at the
top of your screen for CREATE, UPDATE, and other database operations.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| CURSOR <-- --> | UP DOWN | DELETE | Insert Mode: Ins |
| Char: | Field: | Char: Del | Exit/Save: ^End |
| Word: Home End | Page: PgUp PgDn | Field: ^Y | Abort: Esc |
| | Help: F1 | Record: ^U | Memo: ^Home |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
When using the dBASE III PLUS word processor to create a MEMO field,
you see the following navigation key list.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| CURSOR <-- --> | UP DOWN | DELETE | Insert Mode: Ins |
| Char: | Line: | Char: Del | Insert Line: ^M |
| Word: Home End | Page: PgUp PgDn | Word: ^T | Save: ^W Abort:Esc|
| Line: ^ ^ | Find: ^KF | Line: ^Y | Read file: ^KR |
| Reformat: ^KB | Refind: ^KL | | Write file: ^KW |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
THE DOT PROMPT
When you select the dBASE III PLUS option 3 of the demo, you are
presented with the menu bar of The Assistant. When using The
Assistant, commands are formed right on the screen as you make
selections from the pull-down menus. You have a built-in teacher
preparing you to learn the commands to use at the dot prompt.
To leave The Assistant and explore entering commands directly, press
the Esc key. You are presented with the dot prompt.
Whenever you see the cursor next to this dot, you can inter commands
and get an immediate, interactive response from dBASE III PLUS. For
example, to get to The Assistant, the command is:
.ASSIST [RETURN]
For a HISTORY of the commands you have entered, press the up-arrow key.
You can edit previous command lines or leave them the same before
pressing the [ENTER] key to execute the command line again.
The Function Keys have been preset to common dBASE III PLUS commands,
though you are free to SET these to whatever you like.
Programmable function keys:
F2 - assist;
F3 - list;
F4 - dir;
F5 - display structure;
F6 - display status;
F7 - display memory;
F8 - display;
F9 - append;
F10- edit;
LEARNING MORE BY USING HELP
dBASE III PLUS comes with HELP to which you can refer at any time for
aid with commands or other functions. You can access HELP at the dot
prompt by entering HELP or by pressing the F1 key. This brings up the
following screen with options for learning more about system
capabilities.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR EXPERIENCED USERS
If you are an experienced user, you will find over 50 new commands,
functions and extensive productivity aids in dBASE III PLUS which will
help you develop applications.
Here are some highlights!
THE DATA CATALOG
To make it easy to keep track of all related files, you now have a data
catalog to relate files, indexes, formats, reports and views. You can
have as many different catalogs as you wish, each one containing a list
of the related files. With catalogs you will save time by working only
with what you need instead of searching through all of the disk direct-
ory.
NEW DEBUGGING AIDS
Now you can concentrate on creating your solution and not on manipulat-
ing command files. Your commands can be stored in HISTORY, retrieved,
edited, and executed again. You'll save lots of rekeying time just to
add a delimiter or correct a mistake.
And when an error occurs in your program, you SUSPEND the program, re-
view your HISTORY, edit the error, and RESUME the program. It's easy
to test your fix as soon as you include it.
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE INTERFACE
You now have the flexibility to run assembly language programs from
within dBASE III PLUS. All you do is LOAD your programs into memory -
up to 16 at once, CALL when needed, and RELEASE when finished.
ENVIRONMENT TESTING
dBASE III PLUS lets you design your system to accommodate various system
environments without expecting your end user to do a thing. You can
test the name of the database file in USE, operating system environ-
ment variables, names and numbers of function keys and more.
EVENT PROCESSING
You can create a more friendly program by predicting and managing
anticipated error and fault situations. Now, you can include routines
to be executed when dBASE III PLUS error occurs on the Esc key is
pressed.
KEYBOARD BUFFER CONTROL
For more control and to accommodate flexible input, you can now specify
the size of the typeahead buffer. And when necessary, you can empty
the buffer on command.
NEW CHARACTER AND MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
To help you process character information easily, dBASE III PLUS
includes substring handling and other character manipulation functions.
For numerical tasks, absolute value, modulus, minimum and maximum have
been added.
NEW COMMENT INDICATOR
To help in documenting your code files, a new comment indicator has
been added. In addition to marking an entire line in a program as a
comment, the double ampersand symbol, &&, lets you put a non-executable
comment on the same line as an executable command.
CODE ENCRYPTION AND LINKING
When it comes time to publish your new application, RUNTIME + gives
your work more protection and performance with dBCODE and dBLINKER.
dBCODE encrypts and condenses your source code to ensure against
unauthorized use or tampering.
dBLINKER condenses and consolidates all your command modules into one
"linked" file to save disk space and create a more efficient file.
dBRUN, available separately from Ashton-Tate, gives you absolute control
over the user interface and a cost effective "execute only" solution to
selling your applications.
AND MORE
These are just some of the highlights you'll find in dBASE III PLUS.
To review most of the new commands and functions see Appendix B of this
documentation.
APPENDIX A: THE SAMPLER DATABASE
Pro-Sport Supplies is a large, high-volume distributor of sporting
equipment and clothing. Their customers are primarily department
stores, pro shops, and sporting goods stores. A portion of their sales
application database is provided on the Sampler Disk 3.
ABOUT YOUR SAMPLER DATA FILES
Here is a list of the Sampler data filenames showing the relationships
between the database, indexes and other dBASE III PLUS files on your
Sampler Disks.
Database file Corresponding Index File Query File Format File
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
sales.dbf salndx.ndx
products.dbf prodndx.ndx
orders.dbf ordndx.ndx jogging.qry orders.fmt
customer.dbf custndx.ndx
WARNING: This Sampler version of dBASE III PLUS has a limit of 31
records per database file. If you attempt to add more than 31 records
to a file, your database may be destroyed.
Loading the dBASE III PLUS Sampler Data Files
To start using your Sampler data files, go to the Setup Menu in The
Assistant, and do the following:
1. Choose View from the Setup Menu.
2. A drive letter is highlighted. Press RETURN to select it.
3. A file called PRO_SPOR is highlighted.
4. Press RETURN to choose the file.
5. This is a View File, that loads your sample database files and
their corresponding index files into the primary working area.
With these sample files, you can look at several related databases
created in dBASE III PLUS.
Note: While trying to run the Sampler on a hard disk, you may see the
following error message:
ERROR:File Not Found while opening tape file
This error occurs if your current directory is different from the one
where the Sampler is located. For example, it will happen if you try
to run the Sampler from your root directory, but all your Sampler files
are in a Sampler directory. Change to the correct directory and re-
enter your command to run the Sampler.
APPENDIX B: NEW COMMANDS AND FUNCTIONS
The Data Catalog
SET CATALOG on/OFF Determines whether the catalog in use is/IS NOT
updated, but does not close the catalog.
SET CATALOG TO Opens or creates a catalog file, or closes the
current catalog.
SET TITLE ON/off PROMPTS/does not prompt for file title when
adding a record to the catalog.
? Query clause added to many commands to invoke a
pull-down menu of cataloged files.
View
CREATE/MODIFY VIEW Creates or changes a view file.
CREATE VIEW FROM Creates a view file from the currently working
ENVIRONMENT environment.
SET FIELDS on/OFF Determines whether only the fields in the field
pool are/ARE NOT used in operations such as
EDIT or LIST.
SET FIELDS TO Add fields to the field pool.
CLEAR FIELDS Removes all fields from the field pool and SETS
FIELDS OFF.
Query
CREATE/MODIFY QUERY Creates or changes a query file.
SET FILTER TO FILE Opens another query file and activates the
<filename> stored filter.
Screen Painter
CREATE/MODIFY SCREEN Creates or changes a screen file and its asso-
ciated format file.
READ Creates multiple page screen forms when used in
format files; standard operation in command
files.
@<R1,C1,>to<R2,C2> Draw a single or double bordered box on the
[DOUBLE] screen.
Working with Other Files
APPEND Reads Lotus 1-2-3, MultiPlan, and VisiCalc
files.
COPY Writes Lotus 1-2-3, MultiPlan, and VisiCalc
files.
EXPORT Converts a dBASE III PLUS database and related
format file to a pfs:FILE format.
IMPORT Converts a pfs:FILE to a dBASE III PLUS data-
base format and view file.
Database Processing
SET MEMOWIDTH TO Adjusts the output column width of memo fields.
SET ORDER TO Sets any open index file as the controlling
file, or removes control from all open index
files, without closing and reopening the files.
Data Formatting
SET CENTURY on/OFF Toggles the date display between four digit and
digit years.
SET DATE Determines the format for date expressions.
Debugging
DISPLAY HISTORY Displays the commands stored in HISTORY mode.
LIST HISTORY Lists the commands stored in HISTORY mode.
RESUME Causes a SUSPENDed program to resume execution.
SUSPEND Halts execution of the currently executing com-
mand file or procedure and presents the dot
prompt.
RETRY Return program flow to the same command instead
of the next command.
SET DOHISTORY on/OFF Command files are recorded/ARE NOT recorded in
HISTORY.
SET HISTORY TO <n> Specifies the number of executed commands to
store in HISTORY.
SET HISTORY ON/off ALLOWS/does not allow command line editing at
the dot prompt.
Event Processing
ON ERROR/ESCAPE/KEY Executes the specified command when one of the
following conditions is met: a dBASE error
occurs, the Escape key is pressed, or any key
is pressed.
ERROR ( ) Returns the code number of a dBASE III PLUS
error.
MESSAGE ( ) Returns the message string of a dBASE III PLUS
error.
External Program Interfacing
CALL Executes a binary file (module) which has been
placed into memory with the LOAD command.
LOAD Places a binary file in memory where it can be
executed with the CALL command.
RELEASE MODULE Releases a binary file module from active
memory.
Keyboard Buffer Control
CLEAR TYPEAHEAD Empties the typeahead buffer.
SET TYPEAHEAD TO <n> Specifies the size of the typeahead buffer.
FUNCTION CAPABILITIES
Character Manipulation
LEFT Substring search from left end
LTRIM Removes leading blanks
REPLICATE Repeat character expression
RIGHT Substring search from right end
RTRIM Remove trailing blanks
STUFF Replace portion of string
TRANSFORM Char/Number in PICTURE format
Mathematical
ABS Absolute value
MAX Determine greater of two values
MIN Determine smaller of two values
MOD Modulus
Specialized Tests
DBF Name of database in USE
DISKSPACE Amount of free space (bytes) on disk
FIELD Names of fields in database files
FOUND Result of database file search
IIF One expression of another
ISALPHA Evaluate for letter
ISCOLOR Evaluate for color mode
ISLOWER Evaluate for lowercase
ISHIGHER Evaluate for uppercase
LUPDATE Last update of database file in USE
NDX Names of open index files
RECCOUNT Number of records in the database
RECSIZE Size of record
Identification
FKLABEL Names of function keys
FKMAX Maximum number of function keys
GETENV Get environmental variables of the operating
system
OS Name of operating system
VERSION dBASE III PLUS version number
Input
INKEY Determine keypressed during program execution
READKEY Determine full-screen exiting keypress
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
dBASE III PLUS
FEATURES AND REQUIREMENTS SUMMARY
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
FEATURES
For All Users
Runs in 256K bytes
Speed
*Fast, multi-field sort
*Fast find with indexed files
Capacity
*Up to 1 billion records per database file
*128 fields per record
*Variable-length memo fields (up to 5,000 bytes)
*4000 bytes per record
*10 database files in use simultaneously
*15.9 digits of numerical precision
Structured and unstructured information
Relational database
Screen Painter
Advanced Query System (AQS)
View
Import/export pfs:file, Lotus 1-2-3, DIF, SYLX and ASCII files
Import dBASE II files
Modular documentation
Built-in networking capabilities*
Applications Generator
For the Beginning Users
The Assistant
On-Line HELP
On-Disk tutorial
For Experienced Users
dBASE programming language
The dot prompt
Data Catalog
Improved debugging aids
Assembly language interface
Environmental testing
Event processing
Keyboard buffer control
Character/Mathematical functions
In-Line commenting
Code encryption and linking
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
IBM PC,XT,AT or 100% IBM PC compatible computer
Minimum 256K bytes RAM memory
Two 5¼" 360K bytes minimum capacity-diskette drives or one fixed
disk drive and one diskette drive
Monochrome or color display
PC-DOS 2.0 operating system or higher
Any printer with at least 80 columns
* LAN version requires 384K bytes RAM memory, DOS 3.1, and other LAN
accessories.